a999  0835  12 Oct 78
...
pa.PM-Libya-U.S.,240
    TRIPOLI, Libya (AP) - Libyan leader Moammar Khadafy says the
American people must awaken to their nation's ''aggressiveness ...
toward a large number of the people of this world,'' including the
Arabs.
    Addressing a Libyan-sponsored ''Popular Arab-American Dialogue''
here today, Khadafy was quoted by Libya's JANA news agency as saying:
    ''We, the Arabs in this dialogue or in any other occasion, have no
duty to solve the puzzle of America's hostility toward the Arabs,
because this is the responsibility of the Americans. Americans have to
solve their own puzzle, acquit themselves of the accusations and to
work for the awakening of the American conscience so that it
appreciates the aggressiveness of their policies toward a large number
of the people of this world.''
    JANA said Khadafy wondered why Americans ''are always screaming
about air hijacking at the time they forget that their fleets, bases,
atomic bombs, intercontinental ballistic missiles and starvation
policies are the source of serious terrorism....
    ''We are against airplane hijacking terrorizing innocent people,''
Khadafy said. ''Unfortunately we cannot put an end to these actions
before we put an end to the problem that has led to them.''
    Khadafy, whose country has been accused of harboring and providing
support to international terrorists, particularly Palestinian
radicals, said he was the ''first to be enthusiastic about presenting
the question of international terrorism'' to the United Nations.
    The news agency did not identify the participants in the meeting.
    
ap-ny-10-12 1139EDT
***************

n061  1358  12 Oct 78
SPECIAL SERIES: THE SOVIET UNION, NUCLEAR DEALER III 2takes
(Newhouse 005)
Third of four articles suggested for use beginning Sunday
By PETER J. BERNSTEIN
Newhouse News Service
    MOSCOW - Although they have twice as many scientists on the job, the
Soviet Union is lagging behind the United States in the race to tame
nuclear fusion - the hydrogen bomb process.
    After a flying start that gave it world leadership for most of the
last 10 years, the Soviet Union is behind the United States and
almost certainly will stay in second place in the bid to harness
fusion power.
    The potential payoff is limitless electrical energy, one of the
prerequisites for economic growth when other fuels run out in the
next century. It will probably be 20 or 30 years before the
commercial applicability of fusion power is demonstrated, but the
superiority of hardware at fusion research centers in the United
States has given American scientists a commanding lead.
    The chief of the Soviet fusion program told a group of touring
American journalists here that the long-awaited goal of energy
''break-even'' - the point where a reacting fusion plasma produces
more energy than it consumes - would probably be reached within five
years. ''We expect the first demonstration of fusion power to come
from Princeton,'' said Boris Kadomtsev, director of the plasma
physics division of Moscow's Kurchatov Atomic Energy Institute.
    Both here at Kurchatov and at Princeton University, scientists are
using a 3-meter diameter, doughnut-shaped device cog;5
a tokamak as a
type of ''magnetic bottle'' for containing fusion reactions.
    The Soviet device, named the Large Torus, has run into severe
engineering difficulties. It has been unable to reach temperatures
beyond 13 million degrees Celsius, far less than the 60 million
degrees reached last summer in the Princeton tokamak machine, and
light-years away from the 100 million degrees scientists say is
necessary to achieve fusion.
    In order to get such a high temperature, however, Princeton
scientists had to lower the density of the hot reacting gas (plasma).
Temperature, density, and length of time the plasma is contained are
all important in magnetic fusion experiments and must simultaneously
meet certain criteria for a self-sustained reaction to be achieved.
    The Soviets claim they have achieved a higher density than their
counterparts at Princeton and the Massachusetts Institute of
Technology, the other main fusion research laboratory in the United
States.
    A program is under way to double the temperatures achieved here to
26 million degrees, but the Kurchatov tokamak will get no hotter than
that and will not reach that temperature until 1983, said
Kadomtsev.
(MORE)
JG
    
ny-1012 1658edt
 - - - - - -

n066  1431  12 Oct 78
CORRECTION
    
Editors:
    In a061, lead take ''SPECIAL SERIES: THE SOVIET UNION, NUCLEAR
DEALER III'' (Bernstein - Newhouse), fifth graf, bgng X X X Both here
at Kurchatov...etc., make it:
    
X X X doughnut-shaped device called a tokamak...etc.
    
(fixing garble)
JG END
    
ny-1012 1732edt
 - - - - - -

n073  1513  12 Oct 78
ADVISORY
NEWHOUSE NEWS SERVICE REPORT OF THURSDAY, OCTOBER 12, 1978:
    
SPECIAL SERIES: THE SOVIET UNION, NUCLEAR DEALER III (Bernsetin -
Newhouse) Although they have twice as many scientists on the job, the
Soviet Union is trailing the United States in the race to tame
nuclear fusion - the hydrogen bomb process. From Moscow. Third of
four articles suggested for use beginning Sunday. 850. a061, a062
(Newhouse 005, 006).
    
WARRANTIES (Heller - Newhouse) Ralph Nader and auto dealers on the
same side of a consumer issue Both are criticizing automakers for bad
warranty service. From Detroit. 700. a048, a049 (Newhouse 001, 002).
    
SPORTS: INTO THE VALLEY (Izenberg - Newhouse) Now we find out what
the Los Angeles Dodgers are really made of. Sugar and spice won't get
you much in Yankee Stadium. From New York. Sports column, for
Izenberg subscribers only. 650. a053, a054 (Newhouse 003, 004).
    
THE PRESIDENCY: PEACE (Smith - Newhouse) With the flags of three
countries and the United Nations flying in front of Blair House, the
Mideast peace talks begin. If the talks lead to a peace treaty, Jimmy
Carter's image problems will be over. Presidency column, suggested
for weekend or Monday use. 550. a069, a070 (Newhouse 007, 008)
    
GOOD NIGHT FROM THE NEWHOUSE NEWS SERVICE.
JG END
    
ny-1012 1813edt
***************

n062  1404  12 Oct 78
SPECIAL SERIES: THE SOVIET UNION, NUCLEAR DEALER III
(Newhouse 006)
First add (Bernstein) MOSCOW X X X Kadomtsev.
    ''We will not exceed the Princeton temperatures even with our new
machine,'' he acknowledged.
    The United States has not always held such a commanding lead in the
race to extract electricity from the heat of the thermonuclear
process. It was the Soviets who invented tokamaks in 1968, and
Princeton's tokamak was derived from their idea. Both Soviet and
Princeton scientists have emphasized international cooperation in
fusion research.
    Scientists say that huge magnets are needed to confine the superhot
deuterium gas to achieve fusion. But the Soviets have little
experience with the super-conducting magnets of the kind used
routinely at Princeton to contain the plasma and keep it from
touching the walls of the tokamak. A small machine here at the
Kurchatov Institute has experimental super-conducting magnets but
they are nowhere near the size of magnets needed to contain fusion
temperatures.
    The first use of super-conducting magnets will be on a new tokamak
due to start up in 1983 at the Kurchatov Institute (named for one of
the fathers of the Soviet atomic bomb, Igor Kurchatov, who died in
1960).
    While U.S. scientists hope to use fusion reactors for producing
electrical power as a way of avoiding the widespread use of
weapons-grade plutonium, Soviet scientists see them as
super-''breeders'' of plutonium. They are working on the design of
so-called ''hybrid reactors'' which would use the fast-moving atomic
particles emitted from the fusion reaction to bombard a blanket of
uranium surrounding the reactor core, thereby creating substantial
amounts of plutonium for use as nuclear fuel in conventional fission
plants.
    But even here, the Soviet program is not firm. Originally, the
Soviets talked of building their own hybrid reactor, but now they
talk of raising the billions of dollars it will take to build the
first hybrid from an international partnership that includes the
United States, West European countries and Japan.
    ''We would like to construct the machine right here at Kurchatov
where all the countries would bring their own blankets to produce
plutonium,'' Kadomtsev said. ''We think that if the international
community gets behind such a concept we can be producing plutonium as
much as seven years before the first commercial fusion electric plant
is built.''
    President Carter, however, is trying to steer the United States away
from the commercial use of plutonium - the main material employed in
the manufacture of atom bombs - lest developing countries and
terrorist groups get their hands on it. The Soviets, on the other
hand, see no problem in providing security for large amounts of
plutonium fuel moving in the nation's commerce.
    
(NEXT: RUSSIA'S EXOTIC NEW POWER SYSTEM)
JG END BERNSTEIN
    
ny-1012 1705edt
***************

n017  0808  14 Oct 78
SPECIAL SERIES: THE SOVIET UNION, NUCLEAR DEALER III 2takes
(REPEATING BY REQUEST FOR SYRACUSE)
(Newhouse 005)
Third of four articles suggested for use beginning Sunday
By PETER J. BERNSTEIN
Newhouse News Service
    MOSCOW - Although they have twice as many scientists on the job, the
Soviet Union is lagging behind the United States in the race to tame
nuclear fusion - the hydrogen bomb process.
    After a flying start that gave it world leadership for most of the
last 10 years, the Soviet Union is behind the United States and
almost certainly will stay in second place in the bid to harness
fusion power.
    The potential payoff is limitless electrical energy, one of the
prerequisites for economic growth when other fuels run out in the
next century. It will probably be 20 or 30 years before the
commercial applicability of fusion power is demonstrated, but the
superiority of hardware at fusion research centers in the United
States has given American scientists a commanding lead.
    The chief of the Soviet fusion program told a group of touring
American journalists here that the long-awaited goal of energy
''break-even'' - the point where a reacting fusion plasma produces
more energy than it consumes - would probably be reached within five
years. ''We expect the first demonstration of fusion power to come
from Princeton,'' said Boris Kadomtsev, director of the plasma
physics division of Moscow's Kurchatov Atomic Energy Institute.
    Both here at Kurchatov and at Princeton University, scientists are
using a 3-meter diameter, doughnut-shaped device called a tokamak as
a type of ''magnetic bottle'' for containing fusion reactions.
    The Soviet device, named the Large Torus, has run into severe
engineering difficulties. It has been unable to reach temperatures
beyond 13 million degrees Celsius, far less than the 60 million
degrees reached last summer in the Princeton tokamak machine, and
light-years away from the 100 million degrees scientists say is
necessary to achieve fusion.
    In order to get such a high temperature, however, Princeton
scientists had to lower the density of the hot reacting gas (plasma).
Temperature, density, and length of time the plasma is contained are
all important in magnetic fusion experiments and must simultaneously
meet certain criteria for a self-sustained reaction to be achieved.
    The Soviets claim they have achieved a higher density than their
counterparts at Princeton and the Massachusetts Institute of
Technology, the other main fusion research laboratory in the United
States.
    A program is under way to double the temperatures achieved here to
26 million degrees, but the Kurchatov tokamak will get no hotter than
that and will not reach that temperature until 1983, said Kadomtsev.
(MORE)
JG
    
ny-1014 1109edt
***************

n020  0825  14 Oct 78
SPECIAL SERIES: THE SOVIET UNION, NUCLEAR DEALER III
(Newhouse 006)
First add (Bernstein) MOSCOW X X X Kadomtsev.
    ''We will not exceed the Princeton temperatures even with our new
machine,'' he acknowledged.
    The United States has not always held such a commanding lead in the
race to extract electricity from the heat of the thermonuclear
process. It was the Soviets who invented tokamaks in 1968, and
Princeton's tokamak was derived from their idea. Both Soviet and
Princeton scientists have emphasized international cooperation in
fusion research.
    Scientists say that huge magnets are needed to confine the superhot
deuterium gas to achieve fusion. But the Soviets have little
experience with the super-conducting magnets of the kind used
routinely at Princeton to contain the plasma and keep it from
touching the walls of the tokamak. A small machine here at the
Kurchatov Institute has experimental super-conducting magnets but
they are nowhere near the size of magnets needed to contain fusion
temperatures.
    The first use of super-conducting magnets will be on a new tokamak
due to start up in 1983 at the Kurchatov Institute (named for one of
the fathers of the Soviet atomic bomb, Igor Kurchatov, who died in
1960).
    While U.S. scientists hope to use fusion reactors for producing
electrical power as a way of avoiding the widespread use of
weapons-grade plutonium, Soviet scientists see them as
super-''breeders'' of plutonium. They are working on the design of
so-called ''hybrid reactors'' which would use the fast-moving atomic
particles emitted from the fusion reaction to bombard a blanket of
uranium surrounding the reactor core, thereby creating substantial
amounts of plutonium for use as nuclear fuel in conventional fission
plants.
    But even here, the Soviet program is not firm. Originally, the
Soviets talked of building their own hybrid reactor, but now they
talk of raising the billions of dollars it will take to build the
first hybrid from an international partnership that includes the
United States, West European countries and Japan.
    ''We would like to construct the machine right here at Kurchatov
where all the countries would bring their own blankets to produce
plutonium,'' Kadomtsev said. ''We think that if the international
community gets behind such a concept we can be producing plutonium as
much as seven years before the first commercial fusion electric plant
is built.''
    President Carter, however, is trying to steer the United States away
from the commercial use of plutonium - the main material employed in
the manufacture of atom bombs - lest developing countries and
terrorist groups get their hands on it. The Soviets, on the other
hand, see no problem in providing security for large amounts of
plutonium fuel moving in the nation's commerce.
    
(NEXT: RUSSIA'S EXOTIC NEW POWER SYSTEM)
JG END BERNSTEIN
(END SYRACUSE REPEAT)
    
ny-1014 1126edt
***************

n019  0911  16 Oct 78
SPECIAL SERIES: THE SOVIET UNION, NUCLEAR DEALER III 2takes
(REPEATING; First sent Thursday)
Third of four articles suggested for use beginning Sunday
By PETER J. BERNSTEIN
Newhouse News Service
    MOSCOW - Although they have twice as many scientists on the job, the
Soviet Union is lagging behind the United States in the race to tame
nuclear fusion - the hydrogen bomb process.
    After a flying start that gave it world leadership for most of the
last 10 years, the Soviet Union is behind the United States and
almost certainlq will stay in second place in the bid to harness
fusion power.
    The potential payoff is limitless electrical energy, one of the
prerequisites for economic growth when other fuels run out in the
next century. It will probably be 20 or 30 years before the
commercial applicability of fusion power is demonstrated, but the
superiority of hardware at fusion research centers in the United
States has given American scientists a commanding lead.
    The chief of the Soviet fusion program told a group of touring
American journalists here that the long-awaited goal of energy
''break-even'' - the point where a reacting fusion plasma produces
more energy than it consumes - would probably be reached within five
years. ''We expect the first demonstration of fusion power to come
from Princeton,'' said Boris Kadomtsev, director of the plasma
physics division of Moscow's Kurchatov Atomic Energy Institute.
    Both here at Kurchatov and at Princeton University, scientists are
using a 3-meter diameter, doughnut-shaped device called a tokamak as
a type of ''magnetic bottle'' for containing fusion reactions.
    The Soviet device, named the Large Torus, has run into severe
engineering difficulties. It has been unable to reach temperatures
beyond 13 million degrees Celsius, far less than the 60 million
degrees reached last summer in the Princeton tokamak machine, and
light-years away from the 100 million degrees scientists say is
necessary to achieve fusion.
    In order to get such a high temperature, however, Princeton
scientists had to lower the density of the hot reacting gas (plasma).
Temperature, density, and length of time the plasma is contained are
all important in magnetic fusion experiments and must simultaneously
meet certain criteria for a self-sustained reaction to be achieved.
    The Soviets claim they have achieved a higher density than their
counterparts at Princeton and the Massachusetts Institute of
Technology, the other main fusion research laboratory in the United
States.
    A program is under way to double the temperatures achieved here to
26 million degrees, but the Kurchatov tokamak will get no hotter than
that and will not reach that temperature until 1983, said
Kadomtsev.
(MORE)
JG
    
ny-1016 1212edt
***************

n020  0918  16 Oct 78
SPECIAL SERIES: THE SOVIET UNION, NUCLEAR DEALER III
(REPEATING; First sent Thursday)
First add (Bernstein) MOSCOW X X X Kadomtsev.
    ''We will not exceed the Princeton temperatures even with our new
machine,'' he acknowledged.
    The United States has not always held such a commanding lead in the
race to extract electricity from the heat of the thermonuclear
process. It was the Soviets who invented tokamaks in 1968, and
Princeton's tokamak was derived from their idea. Both Soviet and
Princeton scientists have emphasized international cooperation in
fusion research.
    Scientists say that huge magnets are needed to confine the superhot
deuterium gas to achieve fusion. But the Soviets have little
experience with the super-conducting magnets of the kind used
routinely at Princeton to contain the plasma and keep it from
touching the walls of the tokamak. A small machine here at the
Kurchatov Institute has experimental super-conducting magnets but
they are nowhere near the size of magnets needed to contain fusion
temperatures.
    The first use of super-conducting magnets will be on a new tokamak
due to start up in 1983 at the Kurchatov Institute (named for one of
the fathers of the Soviet atomic bomb, Igor Kurchatov, who died in
1960).
    While U.S. scientists hope to use fusion reactors for producing
electrical power as a way of avoiding the widespread use of
weapons-grade plutonium, Soviet scientists see them as
super-''breeders'' of plutonium. They are working on the design of
so-called ''hybrid reactors'' which would use the fast-moving atomic
particles emitted from the fusion reaction to bombard a blanket of
uranium surrounding the reactor core, thereby creating substantial
amounts of plutonium for use as nuclear fuel in conventional fission
plants.
    But even here, the Soviet program is not firm. Originally, the
Soviets talked of building their own hybrid reactor, but now they
talk of raising the billions of dollars it will take to build the
first hybrid from an international partnership that includes the
United States, West European countries and Japan.
    ''We would like to construct the machine right here at Kurchatov
where all the countries would bring their own blankets to produce
plutonium,'' Kadomtsev said. ''We think that if the international
community gets behind such a concept we can be producing plutonium as
much as seven years before the first commercial fusion electric plant
is built.''
    President Carter, however, is trying to steer the United States away
from the commercial use of plutonium - the main material employed in
the manufacture of atom bombs - lest developing countries and
terrorist groups get their hands on it. The Soviets, on the other
hand, see no problem in providing security for large amounts of
plutonium fuel moving in the nation's commerce.
    
(NEXT: RUSSIA'S EXOTIC NEW POWER SYSTEM)
JG END BERNSTEIN
    
ny-1016 1219edt
***************